What are HJT Solar Panels? How HJT Solar Cell Technology Work?

The solar energy industry is rapidly evolving, and Heterojunction (HJT) solar modules have emerged as a game-changing technology. With their ability to deliver higher efficiency, lower degradation, and better performance under extreme weather conditions, HJT solar panels are shaping the future of renewable energy.

In this blog, we will explore everything you need to know about Heterojunction Technology (HJT) solar modules—how they work, their benefits, comparisons with other solar technologies, and why they are the future of solar energy.

What is Heterojunction Technology (HJT)?

Heterojunction Technology (HJT) is a next-generation solar cell technology that combines the advantages of crystalline silicon and thin-film solar technologies. It consists of a monocrystalline n-type silicon wafer sandwiched between layers of amorphous silicon (a-Si), creating a high-efficiency solar module.

Structure of an HJT Solar Cell

HJT solar cells have a unique structure that sets them apart from conventional Mono PERC and TOPCon technologies:

• Monocrystalline N-type Silicon Wafer: The base material for high efficiency and longevity.
  
• Intrinsic Amorphous Silicon Layer: Reduces electron recombination, improving performance.
  
• Doped Amorphous Silicon Layers: Enhances charge collection and conductivity.
  
• Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO): Improves light absorption and overall efficiency.

How HJT Solar Cells Work?

The combination of crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon significantly reduces energy loss and enhances electron movement, resulting in higher power conversion efficiency and better performance even under low light conditions.

Key Benefits of Heterojunction (HJT) Solar Modules

HJT solar panels offer several advantages over conventional solar technologies:

1. Higher Efficiency

   HJT solar modules deliver efficiencies above 24%, significantly higher than traditional Mono PERC (21-22%) and TOPCon (22-23%) panels.
   

2. Better Performance in High Temperatures

   HJT modules have a lower temperature coefficient (~-0.26%/°C) compared to PERC (-0.35%/°C), ensuring better performance in hot climates.
   

3. Bifaciality for Enhanced Energy Yield

   HJT solar panels exhibit bifaciality of 90%, capturing sunlight from both the front and rear sides, increasing overall energy generation.
   

4. Lower Degradation & Longer Lifespan

   HJT technology minimizes Light-Induced Degradation (LID) and Potential Induced Degradation (PID), ensuring a lifespan of 30+ years with higher energy yield over time.
   

5. Higher Power Output

   Due to their superior efficiency and bifacial properties, HJT panels produce more power per square meter, making them ideal for space-constrained installations.
   

6. Eco-Friendly & Sustainable Manufacturing

   HJT modules require fewer high-temperature processes during manufacturing, reducing carbon footprint and production costs.
   

HJT vs. Other Solar Technologies

Three of the most prominent photovoltaic (PV) cell technologies today are HJT, PERC and TOPCon. Each technology has unique characteristics that influence its performance, cost, and suitability for different applications. Let’s explore the key differences among HJT, PERC, and TOPCon solar technologies.

Applications of HJT Solar Modules

HJT solar panels are versatile and can be used in multiple applications, including:

• Utility-scale solar farms
  
• Commercial & industrial (C&I) rooftop installations
  
• Floating solar power plants
  
• BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics)
  
• Off-grid and remote solar projects

Future of HJT Solar Technology

With increasing investments in research and development, HJT solar technology is poised to dominate the solar industry. Companies worldwide are focusing on:

• Reducing production costs through automation and advanced materials.
  
• Scaling manufacturing capacity to meet global demand.
  
• Improving cell efficiency with tandem solar cells (HJT + Perovskite hybrid technology).

The Role of Indian Solar Panel Manufacturers in HJT Technology

India's solar industry is rapidly evolving, with solar panel manufacturing companies in India investing in next-generation technologies. As the demand for high-efficiency modules rises, several solar cell manufacturers in India are developing HJT technology to support national renewable energy goals.

Conclusion

Heterojunction (HJT) solar modules represent the future of solar energy, offering unmatched efficiency, longevity, and environmental benefits. As manufacturing costs decrease and efficiency improves, HJT technology is set to become the dominant solar module choice in the coming years. Investing in HJT solar panels ensures higher energy yields, lower operational costs, and a sustainable future for the solar industry.

Heterojunction solar panels represent the next step in solar energy efficiency and durability. With support from government schemes like PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana and Kusum Solar, their adoption in India is expected to rise. As leading solar cell manufacturers in India continue to innovate, HJT modules will become more accessible, making solar energy a viable and sustainable choice for homes, businesses, and agricultural sectors across the country.

Are you looking for high-efficiency solar panels?

Explore our range of HJT, Mono PERC, and TOPCon solar modules at Bluebird Solar and make the switch to a greener future! Contact us Today!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About HJT Solar Panels

1. What are HJT solar panels?

Heterojunction (HJT) solar panels are advanced solar modules that combine crystalline silicon with thin-film layers to achieve higher efficiency and better performance compared to traditional solar panels.

2. How do HJT solar pv modules work?

HJT panels use a combination of monocrystalline silicon and thin-film amorphous silicon layers, along with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers. This design reduces energy loss and enhances light absorption, resulting in superior efficiency.

3. What are the advantages of HJT solar panels?

Higher efficiency (up to 26%)
Better performance in low light conditions
Lower temperature coefficient, meaning they work efficiently even in hot climates
Bifacial capability, generating energy from both sides
Longer lifespan due to lower degradation rates

4. How efficient are HJT solar panels compared to other types?

HJT solar panels typically achieve efficiency levels between 22-26%, which is higher than conventional monocrystalline (18-22%) and polycrystalline (15-18%) panels.

5. Are HJT solar pv modules suitable for home installations?

Yes, HJT solar panels are ideal for home installations, especially in areas with extreme temperatures or where maximum energy generation is needed from limited rooftop space.

6. Do HJT solar panels perform well in hot weather?

Yes, HJT panels have a lower temperature coefficient (around -0.25%/°C), meaning they lose less efficiency in high temperatures compared to traditional panels.

7. Are HJT solar panels more expensive than traditional panels?

Yes, HJT solar panels are generally more expensive due to their advanced technology and higher efficiency. However, they provide better long-term returns through increased energy output and durability.

8. How long do HJT solar panels last?

HJT panels have a lifespan of 30+ years with minimal degradation, retaining over 90% of their efficiency even after 25 years.

9. Can HJT solar panels be used for large-scale solar projects?

Yes, HJT panels are ideal for utility-scale solar farms, commercial rooftops, and industrial applications due to their high efficiency and bifacial energy generation.